What is defined as a long duration voltage variation exceeding 110% of the nominal voltage?

The concept in question pertains specifically to voltage variations in power systems. When a voltage exceeds 110% of its nominal value for an extended duration, this condition is classified as overvoltage. Overvoltage can occur due to various reasons, such as issues in the power supply, sudden changes in load, or regulation device malfunctions.

Understanding overvoltage is crucial as it can lead to detrimental effects in electrical systems. Equipment connected to an overvoltage condition may experience overheating, insulation failure, or reduced lifespan due to excessive electrical stress. This makes recognizing and addressing overvoltage crucial in power system management for maintaining system reliability and protecting equipment.

The other options relate to different conditions: overcurrent deals with excessive current flowing through a circuit, overload refers to a condition where the power demand exceeds the capacity of the system components, and under-voltage indicates a drop below the normal voltage level. None of these terms accurately describe a sustained voltage level exceeding 110% of nominal voltage, which reinforces the importance of identifying overvoltage within the context of electrical systems.